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实验报告
学生：秦华伟     学号： U202340069      院系：冶金2303    批阅时间： 2025-5-08 15:49

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最后得分：4.213分

实验目的和仪器

0.4分

【实验目的】

1）用落球法测量不同温度下蓖麻油的黏度。
2） 了解 PID 调节，观察实验装置的 PID 控温行为。

【实验仪器】

落球法变温黏滯系数实验仪、ZKYPID温控实验仪、停表、千分尺、小钢球若干等

得分：0.4 分

实验原理

1.5分

1.用落球法测定液体的黏度
一个在静止液体中下落的小球受到重力、浮力和黏滯阻力三个力的作用。如果小球的速度，很小，且液体可以看成在各方向上都是无限广阔的，则从流体力学的基本方程可以导出表示黏滯阻力的斯托克斯公式：
F =3 Πnvd

所受的三个力达到平衡，小球将以0勻速下落。在本实验中，小群在直径为D的玻璃管中下落，液体在各方国无限广阔的条件不足，此时黏带阻力的表达式可加修正系数（1+2.4d/2），则式子会进行修正。
当小球的密度较大，直径不是太小，而液体的黏度信又较小时，小球在液体中的8速度7会达到较大的值，奥西思-果尔斯公式反映出了液体运动状态对斯托克斯公式的影响：


已知或测量得到p、PO、D、d、2。等参数后，由式（5.4-4）（计算黏度の，再由式（5.4-6）计算 Re，若需计算Re的1级修正，则由式（5.4-8）计算经修正的黏度。
2. PID 调节原理
闭环自动控制技术是基于反馈来减少被控系统不确定性的。反馈理论的要素包括测量、比较和执行。先测出被控变量的实际值，然后将被控变量的实际值与期望值相比较，用这个偏差来纠正系统的响应，执行调节控制。自动控制系统的控制过程可用图5.4:1说明。假如被轻量与没定值之间有偏差e（t）=设定值一被控量，调节器依据e（t）及定的调节规律输出调节信号1（t），执行单元按u（t）、输出操作量至被控对象，使被整通近直至最终等于设定值。这里，调节器是自动控制系统的指挥机构。


得分：1.5 分

实验步骤

1分

实验内容为研究蓖麻油黏度随温度的变化。在室温至55°C温度范围，至少取4个不
同温度，测量蓖麻油黏度。

具体实验步骤如下：
1）检查温控仪面板上的水位管，将水箱水加到适当值：平常加水从仪器顶部的准水孔注人。若水箱排空后第一次加水，应该用软管从出水孔将水经水泵加入水箱，以便排出水泵内的空气，避免水泵空转（无循环水流出）或发出嗡鸣声。
2）设定PID参数：本仪器的PID的参数已经是通过理论分析和大量的实验得到的一个最符合本仪器的参数，已经达到最佳控制，故不可调节。
3）测定小球直径：由式子可见，当液体黏度及小球密度一定时，雷诺数 Re cd。在测量蓖麻油的黏度时采用了直径1~2mm 的小球，这样可不考虑雷诺修正或只考虑1级雷诺修正。
用千分尺测定小球的直径d，将数据记入表5.4-1中。
4） 测定小球在液体中下落的速度并计算黏度
温控仪温度达到设定值后再等约10min，使样品管中的待测液体温度与加热水温完全一致，才能测液体黏度。
借助导向管，用挖油勺盛住小球沿样品管中心轻轻放入液体，观察小球是否一直沿中心下落，若样品管倾斜，应调节其铅直。测量过程中，尽量避免对液体的扰动。用停表测量小球落下一段距离的时间t，并计算小球速度00，用式子进行计算，用测量值作图，给出黏度随温度的变化关系。
实验全部完成后，用磁铁将小球吸引至样品管口，取出放人小钢球盒中保存，以备下次实验使用。

得分：1 分

数据处理

小球直径测量原始数据表格

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
千分尺末读数di（mm）                
n12345678
千分尺末读数di（mm）0.9810.9820.9820.9810.9810.9830.9800.981

小球直径测量原始数据表格

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
千分尺末读数di（mm） 1.133 1.131 1.133 1.132 1.132 1.132 1.132 1.132
table 0.981 0.982 0.982 0.981 0.981 0.983 0.980 0.981 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

千分尺的初读数：{d}_{0}=(1)mm
千分尺的仪器误差：=(2)mm
小球的密度：ρ=(3)×{10}^{3}{kg/{m}^{3}}
蓖麻油的密度：{\rho }_{0}=(4)×{10}^{3}{kg/{m}^{3}}
玻璃管的直径：D=(5)×{10}^{-2}m
小球的下落距离：L=(6)×{10}^{-2}m

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.010。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　0.004。
  • 填空(3)： 你的答案　7.8。
  • 填空(4)： 你的答案　0.95。
  • 填空(5)： 你的答案　2.0。
  • 填空(6)： 你的答案　0.20。
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液体黏度测定原始数据表格

序号 温度（℃） 时间（s）1 时间（s）2 时间（s）3 时间（s）4 时间（s）5
1            
2            
3            
4            
5            
序号温度（℃）时间（s）1时间（s）2时间（s）3时间（s）4时间（s）5
13028.8128.6928.8428.6228.78
23521.0020.8420.9720.8420.96
34015.4115.2515.3415.3415.29
44511.0110.9110.9611.1111.05
5508.538.288.128.358.46

液体黏度测定原始数据表格

序号 温度（℃） 时间（s）1 时间（s）2 时间（s）3 时间（s）4 时间（s）5
1 30 31.92 32.04 31.68 32.04 32.04
2 35 23.64 23.58 23.82 23.64 23.64
3 40 17.64 17.46 17.82 17.46 17.28
4 45 13.14 13.32 13.26 12.90 13.14
5 50 10.50 9.72 10.50 10.14 10.08
table 30 28.81 28.69 28.84 28.62 28.78 35 21.00 20.84 20.97 20.84 20.96 40 15.41 15.25 15.34 15.34 15.29 45 11.01 10.91 10.96 11.11 11.05 50 8.53 8.28 8.12 8.35 8.46 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HoNARdCFXkCI8ugffDUQXA== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

小球直径平均值=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.971。
得分：0.1 分
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0.05分

第一组实验数据：
小球的下落时间的平均值：{t}_{1}=(1)s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　28.75。
得分：0.05 分
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0.05分

小球的下落速度{V}_{1}=(1)\times {10}^{-2}{m/s}

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.696。
得分：0 分
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该温度下液体的雷诺数{Re}_{1}=(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.013。
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0.05分

在计算黏滞系数时是否需要考虑1级修正（A为不需要考虑，B为需要考虑）：(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　A。
得分：0.05 分
datafill A 1b19V8o5rlnh9Lc5sD0gEr1xqzFKwmTAXt2+A3NaECkuktUE/XyPl6ZNA/XLBQRhBw3+JDdV1uSd6eyK0MAf3Gjl6Ty7IVNtD4RXT/LmXAwF4FfZfxabBrqdxKNuobicNTGvI6pbJMlT99BLnmHZDt0PixTNMoS9lFu8IYcUelM= nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw62EPJd/cdFWZgVn2aQs7rt5sLbMlzYSyMjdQsi7AAQ4PLO58fdkZDa5/EdRbnpoL2wkCtCrMMgWCgfat2EdpNU0crm82sWXJMvZBc2kOv8xgY91XlFsr5XF44UgRSn9HF6ia2U4nyYwcxJyzpDqGOxuSVfKP36zrL78fz6ERbIIRWtobktAU+JzP8vRAzMulw== kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpK3Ttrb69Vr8zoCciWef6fgc5G5RXslexA1e4H0jybhw2CvCBTLZazw5FRKwm/F+Y= lBbddN14fUwZIDLJfVh/ydC3yaGBUDNqyFQkXbpPuu5TSNDMVvcqENKT0ZgV9Vrgaj7EVJ44sPJ0YHT8fgbq3w==
0.1分

该温度下液体的黏滞系数：{\eta }_{1}=(1)Pa·s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.462。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.462 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUoZ5LWSHcLc4UNmePC7pvz91o15cZ/8AYSrMcjynFFHuQ+rn1QEADqpCyFH8km6MmaaIw/fFcz92zkrc1E0q7d++kjTYo+1h3Ej3ptlwaltHDesZNx9DXTY15IgAuMKyvwgex/NhlHx/71/c9RL3f3peAUiZCOr6sNxcg0OYMEGDhuQxkbud1rDRVX+0RNXTN0JK2rdz5gdxqudyaIa5NgtFB6Sen105LdjPrSDGc/rVw== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=
0.05分

第二组实验数据：
小球的下落时间的平均值：{t}_{2}=(1)s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　20.92。
得分：0.05 分
datafill 20.92 mqdyLrF9FXNFEnxSaQLcg69NyDn0XNJ3scjeyO/TEKYswFSsfV0gbjd1Rof8GXFFYFogGwqJZy4ejp0i8N63IZgAGtoEp/kAYSOyGWhb2ioS9aRSOTf1hagI01kemCICVCT3uZ4IU/K07rPadS0G7AwDHglqODMYRQ3QRFfYwS6SZulBD1Ymo0Fye0PRXavYzdKGc2I2FxyiLqTz35ZRAsvn9mR+QGnCh/hKAHfJMGI= 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpSJOaAVA2l70GbN8nyRqlTb0XTi4jWv7/CPGM1FcNNpG8kyix6QkVeJfOMUzHEiKIQaBhk+sNX7Niq8qseRBqiuxBTBRRESDO0TIXLfMH92S0LjS0zZmJ/84uwpSEeVt/xgryBJ3dbTIPSICNrBsbTP7h4W5HIv6eyJXEVD84GaWNSULeF4xFEk6FXPhCQiFed6K3cvFvbxPGD4OyFDu2MCGcXVuE8NDGaQH/4OBM3jA== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QC8HAOPhv8c/oov7/+3c/i0=
0.05分

小球的下落速度{V}_{2}=(1)\times {10}^{-2}{m/s}

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.956。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.956 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpSJOaAVA2l70GbN8nyRqlTIAetAILbjAMrOHyH/clh8TQ2Qo3U0E1eL5UWdRZ49Wpqzp54qJrnrVsF+7TgDYkexvaTu89mHR24kwpOOdrNyXTM9Pl3oNLuLxfhDXIXP2kSaU3XDledH0ajovKoqdlburM/Dr4aUxN90HptKtXjNdvUbk5FCSs1c+5rauG9y242X188abxXS84tlfhKp6g/ONteRPwaBS+spZb92DHgeA== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QC8HAOPhv8c/oov7/+3c/i0=

该温度下液体的雷诺数{Re}_{2}=(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.026。
datafill 0.026 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6lYAgPROayyBM5VfO8fHtD4g2/BbgkVsHcocLCcWNLJ1LezENRxekp6ZPqfGDJmCdT7cZ4omPxlK8WC3v0vW1JyPn/UOPLj6O6MNKBxobPL0cfEJYixjKltOek/DQzONxL1pdF60VmykEo/Grz2z2buK1aWHefxsn/HPS+IYk4Pvow5f4Pe7ol6oT+z+OaNLxc0kZQr7ObWY7wuIemRL1TaBm8pMbqJiBRhKd+ikQcIOxruk5Agh6N06ZctGE/6NEp0zXWpmIHkgFjC3ErE/OEZMHt08jzoeon6ow0csyHE54AZ53GByyuCQERcoaNelWbPnb6GAVVryZLkF7MMxN7ntY8Dy57jZ9NhMiIzJaTBJTY+miDDsc/QplHlgdnPsnOe0Jrmkzs2n8htMSEoG/q6cR0BWme0E1SUyW0IPHB13 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

在计算黏滞系数时是否需要考虑1级修正（A为不需要考虑，B为需要考虑）：(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　A。
得分：0.05 分
datafill A 1b19V8o5rlnh9Lc5sD0gEr1xqzFKwmTAXt2+A3NaECl5vDPigfcgJEJJ4VnJ+7N15ftOht3A4vB98QlSdGMpQLW1HttxwXDqKdqhzy7PnhCXgwl1qxqTR7pFABcKrM9K1AvDOaEh+F+D4iqC3hW4Pr1AD/u2Z+8KZxn3EOKYA7A= nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw62EPJd/cdFWZgVn2aQs7rt5sLbMlzYSyMjdQsi7AAQ4PLO58fdkZDa5/EdRbnpoL2wkCtCrMMgWCgfat2EdpNU0crm82sWXJMvZBc2kOv8xgY91XlFsr5XF44UgRSn9HF6ia2U4nyYwcxJyzpDqGOxuSVfKP36zrL78fz6ERbIIRWtobktAU+JzP8vRAzMulw== kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpK3Ttrb69Vr8zoCciWef6fBm+5RetXnHRYt+Pspe/eOw== lBbddN14fUwZIDLJfVh/ydC3yaGBUDNqyFQkXbpPuu5TSNDMVvcqENKT0ZgV9Vrgaj7EVJ44sPJ0YHT8fgbq3w==
0.1分

该温度下液体的黏滞系数：{\eta }_{2}=(1)Pa·s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.336。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.336 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUoZ5LWSHcLc4UNmePC7pvz91o15cZ/8AYSrMcjynFFHuQ+rn1QEADqpCyFH8km6MmaaIw/fFcz92zkrc1E0q7d++kjTYo+1h3Ej3ptlwaltHDesZNx9DXTY15IgAuMKyvwgex/NhlHx/71/c9RL3f3peAUiZCOr6sNxcg0OYMEGDhuQxkbud1rDRVX+0RNXTN0JK2rdz5gdxqudyaIa5NgtFB6Sen105LdjPrSDGc/rVw== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QC8HAOPhv8c/oov7/+3c/i0=
0.05分

第三组实验数据：
小球的下落时间的平均值：{t}_{3}=(1)s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　15.32。
得分：0.05 分
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0.05分

小球的下落速度{V}_{3}=(1)\times {10}^{-2}{m/s}

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.130。
得分：0 分
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该温度下液体的雷诺数{Re}_{3}=(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.048。
datafill 0.048 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6lYAgPROayyBM5VfO8fHtD4g2/BbgkVsHcocLCcWNLJ1LezENRxekp6ZPqfGDJmCdT7cZ4omPxlK8WC3v0vW1JyPn/UOPLj6O6MNKBxobPL0cfEJYixjKltOek/DQzONxL1pdF60VmykEo/Grz2z2buK1aWHefxsn/HPS+IYk4Pvow5f4Pe7ol6oT+z+OaNLxc0kZQr7ObWY7wuIemRL1TaBm8pMbqJiBRhKd+ikQcIOiteO7MKV1UaoASrT4pMbkxQDz7tR2lWwTjmNr1ANUeTttwScNlvtRQs/T3xLy2wG37/H7zL19oO0uGEAZovhLWfKX7/v4mfHuapJOW1Cad0l8ngKIBtw8WMw4IKqcFIbjOjG9UExFdvqe6eQTODFQuYyBVKX0ZqFUwh0NuTvNMb+7HuVlaHhrjj+uT2t1S8p HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

在计算黏滞系数时是否需要考虑1级修正（A为不需要考虑，B为需要考虑）：(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　A。
得分：0.05 分
datafill A 1b19V8o5rlnh9Lc5sD0gEr1xqzFKwmTAXt2+A3NaECnwUySMWyHVkszH69qfqutiHlakwNk8xwznuU1tM4sU4bhXutBU2T1DoVozIHAajOimfUcWv58O1Umq/S/Z3bLbzQpegrMWpyFBuwfBuafNxhVeWGMaKb4tMBecjz4JkL0= nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw62EPJd/cdFWZgVn2aQs7rt5sLbMlzYSyMjdQsi7AAQ4PLO58fdkZDa5/EdRbnpoL2wkCtCrMMgWCgfat2EdpNU0crm82sWXJMvZBc2kOv8xgY91XlFsr5XF44UgRSn9HF6ia2U4nyYwcxJyzpDqGOxuSVfKP36zrL78fz6ERbIIRWtobktAU+JzP8vRAzMulw== kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpK3Ttrb69Vr8zoCciWef6fBm+5RetXnHRYt+Pspe/eOw== lBbddN14fUwZIDLJfVh/ydC3yaGBUDNqyFQkXbpPuu5TSNDMVvcqENKT0ZgV9Vrgaj7EVJ44sPJ0YHT8fgbq3w==
0.1分

该温度下液体的黏滞系数：{\eta }_{3}=(1)Pa·s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.247。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.247 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUoZ5LWSHcLc4UNmePC7pvz91o15cZ/8AYSrMcjynFFHuQ+rn1QEADqpCyFH8km6MmaaIw/fFcz92zkrc1E0q7d++kjTYo+1h3Ej3ptlwaltHDesZNx9DXTY15IgAuMKyvwgex/NhlHx/71/c9RL3f3peAUiZCOr6sNxcg0OYMEGDhuQxkbud1rDRVX+0RNXTN0JK2rdz5gdxqudyaIa5NgtFB6Sen105LdjPrSDGc/rVw== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=
0.05分

第四组实验数据：
小球的下落时间的平均值：{t}_{4}=(1)s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　11.00。
得分：0.05 分
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0.05分

小球的下落速度{V}_{4}=(1)\times {10}^{-2}{m/s}

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.182。
得分：0 分
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该温度下液体的雷诺数{Re}_{4}=(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.094。
datafill 0.094 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6lYAgPROayyBM5VfO8fHtD4g2/BbgkVsHcocLCcWNLJ1LezENRxekp6ZPqfGDJmCdT7cZ4omPxlK8WC3v0vW1JyPn/UOPLj6O6MNKBxobPL0cfEJYixjKltOek/DQzONxL1pdF60VmykEo/Grz2z2buK1aWHefxsn/HPS+IYk4Pvow5f4Pe7ol6oT+z+OaNLxc0kZQr7ObWY7wuIemRL1TaBm8pMbqJiBRhKd+ikQcIO+PQ8yBfspIH3WYnMo09TRevEzDIWuJeHDZzyaR3pZwDk6wOZloWL8DnK1mhk0y+NvHdYM/SBIyLm9Vsom2fS/hjQIfWkLTrtNpfD0HSM5Rk2vuO9NsbFjmAGSmjzJXvmGeGEPpQ/XYqdypPrQEE+UHtEJ6WKuN4h36SwfitZLzKiITGXLN75pKaSw0eyAD5E HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

在计算黏滞系数时是否需要考虑1级修正（A为不需要考虑，B为需要考虑）：(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　A。
得分：0.05 分
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0.1分

该温度下液体的黏滞系数：{\eta }_{4}=(1)Pa·s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.177。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.177 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUoZ5LWSHcLc4UNmePC7pvz91o15cZ/8AYSrMcjynFFHuQ+rn1QEADqpCyFH8km6MmaaIw/fFcz92zkrc1E0q7d++kjTYo+1h3Ej3ptlwaltHDesZNx9DXTY15IgAuMKyvwgex/NhlHx/71/c9RL3f3peAUiZCOr6sNxcg0OYMEGDhuQxkbud1rDRVX+0RNXTN0JK2rdz5gdxqudyaIa5NgtFB6Sen105LdjPrSDGc/rVw== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=
0.05分

第五组实验数据：
小球的下落时间的平均值：{t}_{5}=(1)s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　8.34。
得分：0.05 分
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0.05分

小球的下落速度{V}_{5}=(1)\times {10}^{-2}{m/s}

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.240。
得分：0 分
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该温度下液体的雷诺数{Re}_{5}=(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.165。
datafill 0.165 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6lYAgPROayyBM5VfO8fHtD4g2/BbgkVsHcocLCcWNLJ1LezENRxekp6ZPqfGDJmCdT7cZ4omPxlK8WC3v0vW1JyPn/UOPLj6O6MNKBxobPL0cfEJYixjKltOek/DQzONxL1pdF60VmykEo/Grz2z2buK1aWHefxsn/HPS+IYk4Pvow5f4Pe7ol6oT+z+OaNLxc0kZQr7ObWY7wuIemRL1TaBm8pMbqJiBRhKd+ikQcIO0WHBFLa9udgV5ClOiowkrNk7kDgjas24RxTAMolt695YnCK6OrpyQrC56XPxV/AbpfkrXFA78uF5W0xStuMlUMpnxGqjSZ0JEFeMtXIrIo3uQXTO8n22m6VKoHI1D1HW8/iLi9YAgKHDiOP9j884uZWZKDBXDu8tkQT3gJoy0jJ3r/CdEV+APUQG19oRQwEf HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

在计算黏滞系数时是否需要考虑1级修正（A为不需要考虑，B为需要考虑）：(1)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　A。
得分：0.05 分
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0.1分

该温度下液体的黏滞系数：{\eta }_{5}=(1)Pa·s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.134。
得分：0 分
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0.15分

绘制黏度随温度变化关系曲线图

得分：0.113 分

实验曲线缺少坐标轴名称或单位

分析讨论与结论

0.2分

分析讨论

（一）小球直径数据

从表5.4 - 1小球直径测量数据来看，多次测量值较为接近，平均值为0.981×10^{-3}m ，说明测量过程较为稳定，测量误差较小 。测量的重复性好，保证了后续计算中因小球直径带来的误差在可控范围内。

（二）黏度测定数据

1. 温度与时间关系：由表5.4 - 2可知，随着温度的升高，小球下落时间逐渐减少。例如，温度从20℃升高到50℃，时间从约28.75 s减少到8.34 s 。这表明温度对小球在液体中的下落过程有显著影响，温度升高使得小球下落速度加快。

2. 温度与速度关系：温度升高时，小球下落速度增大，从20℃时的6.91×10^{-3}m/s增加到50℃时的2.40×10^{-2}m/s 。这是因为液体温度升高，其内部分子间的作用力减弱，对小球的阻力减小，从而使小球下落速度加快。

3. 温度与黏度关系：根据落球法测定黏度的原理，黏度随温度升高而降低，从20℃时的0.462 Pa·s降低到50℃时的0.134 Pa·s 。这符合一般液体黏度随温度变化的规律，即温度升高，液体分子热运动加剧，内摩擦力减小，黏度降低。

（三）实验误差分析

1. 系统误差：实验装置可能存在一些系统误差，如液体容器的形状可能并非完全理想，导致液体内部流场不均匀，影响小球下落的稳定性和速度测量。此外，温度控制可能存在一定偏差，虽然采用了PID调节，但实际温度与设定温度可能存在细微差异，从而影响黏度测量结果。

2. 随机误差：在测量小球下落时间时，人为操作的反应时间会引入随机误差，不同实验者或同一实验者不同次操作的反应时间不同，会导致时间测量值存在波动。环境的微小振动等因素也可能对小球下落过程产生影响，带来随机误差。

（四）PID调节效果

PID调节在控制液体温度方面起到了重要作用，能够使温度相对稳定在设定值附近，减小温度波动对实验结果的影响。但从实验过程来看，PID调节可能存在调节时间和超调量的问题。例如，在温度设定值改变后，系统达到稳定状态需要一定时间，且在调节过程中可能会出现温度短暂超出设定值的情况，这对精确测量不同温度下的黏度有一定影响。

得分：0.2 分

0.1分

结论


通过落球法测定液体在不同温度下的黏度实验，得到以下结论：

1. 液体黏度随温度升高而显著降低，二者呈现明显的负相关关系，验证了理论上液体黏度与温度的变化规律。

2. 多次测量小球直径保证了测量的准确性，为后续黏度计算提供了可靠数据基础。

3. PID调节能有效控制液体温度，但在调节时间和超调量方面仍有优化空间，以进一步提高实验测量的精度。在后续实验改进中，可以进一步优化实验装置以减少系统误差，同时改进PID调节参数，提高温度控制的精度和稳定性。

得分：0.1 分

原始数据

数据处理过程

0.3分

得分：0.3 分