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实验报告
学生：张家顺     学号： U202441625      院系：材料科学与工程    批阅时间： 2025-11-21 16:42

批阅完成
最后得分：4.25分

实验目的和仪器

0.4分

实验目的和仪器

（1）了解振动合成与李萨如图形。
（2）了解压电效应与超声波的产生原理。
（3）理解驻波和李萨如图形的形成原理。
（4）掌握用驻波法测量声波在空气中的传播速度。
（5）掌握用李萨如图形和行波法测量空气中声波的传播速度。

SW - 1型声速测定仪，TBS1102B - EDU数字存储示波器，TFG2003型信号发生器，同轴电缆等。

 

 

得分：0.4 分

实验原理

1.5分

实验原理

  • 一 振动的合成
  • 两个相互垂直的简谐振动（频率分别为、，相位差为）叠加，轨迹由频率比和相位差共同决定，即李萨如图形。
  • 频率比满足，其中、分别为图形在水平、垂直方向的交点数，可通过该关系测量未知频率。
  • 同频率时，相位差为 0°/180° 呈现直线，90°/270° 呈现正椭圆，其他相位差呈现斜椭圆
  •  
  • 二、声速测量（驻波法与行波法）
    声速本质是声波在介质中的传播速度，满足核心公式v=fλ，其中f为声波的频率，λ为声波波长。
  • 1. 驻波法原理
    发射端与接收端的声波发生反射叠加，形成驻波。
    驻波中波腹（声压最大）或波节（声压最小）位置周期性分布，相邻两个波腹（或波节）的间距为λ/2，通过测量该间距可算出波长。
  • 2. 行波法原理
    发射端与接收端的声波存在相位差，相位差随接收端位置变化而改变。
    当接收端移动使相位差变化π时，，移动距离恰好为λ/2，记录变化可得波长λ。
得分：1.5 分

实验步骤

1分

1. 驻波法
（1）按图=连线，并使两个压电陶瓷换能器的端面平行。
（2）打开仪器电源开关，预热15 min，调节波形发生器的输出频率到40 kHz左右，并调节示波器使其显示的正弦波形稳定。
（3）测定压电陶瓷换能器的工作频率（共振频率）f0。略微调节波形发生器的输出频率，同时略微调节接收端压电陶瓷换能器与波形发生器之间的相对位置，使示波器显示的正弦波形振幅达到最大，此时的频率f_0为声速测量仪压电陶瓷换能器的工作频率，并记下此时波形发生器的输出频率值。
（4）记下实验开始时的室温(t1)。
（5）测定波节位置。转动鼓轮，使接收端压电陶瓷换能器与波形发生器之间的相对位置改变，观察示波器中显示的波形，当波幅最大时，记下对应的位置x_1的坐标，同时记录该位置下示波器显示波形的峰 - 峰值电压V_{p1}，然后再转动鼓轮，以同样的方式依次测出x_2、x_3、…、x_{10}，以及V_{p2}、V_{p3}、…、V_{p10}，并将数据填入表4.14 - 1中。
（6）记下实验结束时的室温(t_2)，则驻波法实验测量时的环境温度t = \frac{t_1 + t_2}{2}。

2. 用信号发生器和示波器观察李萨如图形
将函数信号发生器的输出端CHA、CHB分别接示波器的输入通道CH1（X轴）、CH2（Y轴），调节信号发生器使A路输出50 Hz的正弦信号，B路分别输出25 Hz、75 Hz、100 Hz、200 Hz的正弦信号。调节示波器使其工作在“XY”模式观察李萨如图形，调节示波器通道1、2的垂直标度按钮、位置旋钮、水平标度旋钮，使李萨如图形在屏上大小、位置适当，数据记入表4.14 - 2中。

3. 行波法
（1）按图4.14 - 12连线，检查并使两个压电陶瓷换能器的端面平行，调节波形发生器的输出频率，使其保持与驻波法中的压电陶瓷换能器的共振频率相同。
（2）记录实验开始时的室温(t1')。
（3）调节示波器，使屏幕上出现李萨如图形。转动鼓轮，使接收端压电陶瓷换能器与发声器之间的相对位置改变，观察示波器中显示的波形，当图形从椭圆（或圆）变成直线时，记下对应的位置x_1的坐标。然后再转动鼓轮继续移动位置，图形又变化为椭圆（或圆），继而再次变为直线（此时方位已改变），记下对应的位置x_2的坐标。并以同样的方式依次测出x3,x4......，并将数据填入表4.14-3中。
（4）记录实验结束时的室温(t2')，则行波法实验测量时的环境温度t'=(t1'+t2')/2。

得分：1 分

数据处理

实验数据： 

压电陶瓷换能器的工作频率（共振频率）：f＝(1)(KHz)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　38.975。
datafill 38.975 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

共振频率的仪器误差Δf=(1)(Hz)

共振频率的实验标准差：s=      1.0      (Hz)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　1.99。
得分：0 分
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1.驻波法测量声速的波长

驻波法测声速：
实验初始温度t1＝(1)(℃)；
实验结束温度t2＝(2)(℃)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　19.5。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　19.8。
datafill 19.5 19.8 NDZwtEd5l/AGb7vGhYRYsmTLbfZzSQCU1TTFp5k4qtY= HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

表1 驻波法测声速实验数据表

i Xi（mm）
1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
iXi（mm）
15.145
29.495
314.068
419.760
523.198
622.883
733.436
838.148
941.184
1046.783

表1 驻波法测声速实验数据表

i Xi（mm）
1 59.729
2 63.990
3 68.285
4 72.582
5 76.838
6 81.201
7 85.517
8 89.922
9 94.181
10 98.414
table 5.145 9.495 14.068 19.760 23.198 22.883 33.436 38.148 41.184 46.783 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

驻波法实验过程中的平均室温=(1)℃

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　19.65。
得分：0.05 分
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0.1分

绘出驻波法测量中驻波位置随计数变化关系曲线图。

得分：0.1 分

0.05分

直线斜率：b驻波法=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　4628。
得分：0 分
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0.05分

驻波法声波的波长：λ驻波法=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　9.256。
得分：0 分
datafill 9.256 wk89op0/+My0RWs91leRslzsLYdbCqxV3D2bFAWDkV9FPN4Uwy8QIt8a0vW/Iq2VGIfvB2zdhHJnVPmXn8eevtuPPkhvez2hFLbzzgNNSqXTh0JTd/XK9qnOXNQEFgyUceusAWGEjQZxG5NEwU+oKdzWkFv9ApiJTBi6BuzZbsWAJMJ2YeKeXbhSpkx8frwm4xVNTUEr+GHyE2YBIjHQcQ== nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw1qJ5uf0j3RPPemIfBDLOnna6V94PqvN93RONEMfzS0ht4lJdZP1904B71Vtl8n5Gbcq9/7EdPTuJOlbRKeuFcy51ryoHtM2LSvmszALtEKJuZ2eUFvLCiB9dmNuXJI3qg59/RqAcH3wLTygE3p2i9j+NpaW4w4wJnGd/aHNbNGrldGHFUr1DjhOFlgRb34n14DetI9dE4cqewAkpSfc2tKSV8f+/1aXAy4Daus27MAuWz2biOM1MuZ3UhMPSUuZ+6M6dsnOzzJ7AFzNmXOtALM8EVxHGVz/IkPvUsXQShHUHj4q9J9GWeJenIBLEYVdX14VdyLmb/gNx9+wmbFgSiI= kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd1CbeBo5rEXmjmPYstaOhQZkGvCKHUV4yDmNpwSmIGSQr7vyPNG2aLO7Xy5T8+BOtkHFmo6s0az6NPw+fAiWPyK/H4fVb9PrwvJLOqrbuHSMX+uSm73/RA1lSU3L2e/c2g== Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9cDpWr5qLTltLfNCIG6wa1E09SyWpzZwqqT4VwRMSsPg=
0.05分

直线斜率标准差：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.055。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.055 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQOGjjUdp5kwcmruPw+jeey0EXHvytobaMUDg3w3oX/yt04ThbyVo20OcfXvSDUbQTwP2fx97ERSBhOZs6IRm/NG+r5P3yNXMX21VN29Hw6eAIQwcYTmgV4u07+mKF/LcYDeidzlPi1seaF9QFSIrjnEIAtAKZmPUFhEoUfgA7hTwOSmTJvjlscQz8lyg0DOAzTSagYa3IUaFMrBGZ1+uOFdlGLJMy7fpX2kx1Pai8nOfcfeyHR2qM42ZDCMfW5iNrPaYHSadHtJZqTLAhIgphqj3sHy/pMpSSg2iSPVVpOvTVuNeFnAandoWEdJtOqqxlrLpkrRc7DJtJk8I1UXrkf4q8yFOOaHhddga9YpQh/In7P2ML36/w6V5lWwm00lYfi+B1ZNGx/Fe5ldANbWShPg== U8ZYV735Jh49Mp2Njc+7b5qKeqFHSYgw8d4204gtvXfAOW53hXBajqPtTNWIeYRBbuAWjm2H7c1cSq+hIX+pCFoiU5EZ7HW458oLMglVtbJAaMzvTwQAVQEXCKtdDHiZJsbxBZ0UPI3Q7AII2KjPUdwaYElo4+wj9CrLekeiAgRpV3jq13Hfy/UQQgYpNTOh1SZzjgHbxDKFOnpkGxOGn4fF1M+vyG+w+bdrzPAppHDyR5fz0HTiuFe0sboqtTRb9O7ANQn1IRNXUltnFPYv6A==
0.1分

驻波法声波的波长的标准不确定度：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.25。
得分：0 分
datafill 0.25 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6kYOYzq01jhRuesziKvqnuygpi3d/y//H/6sTWEAlctuSOzJ397+huv2sUupxSF6bDXaAVpxvrdDyVD8rZS5mnFQPmgT/ygmORGlw2V/ZP4wM8wLzRMitvakHolPZNLY7wrV5Uo7dbgMJyz4r3XLv3GozVHvkxyKBAwrss8FzQA7Rk++QL3RXOFefPDXRVhemfg6C8YxP1KnGsfgWo/KvAE= 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 Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9Ksa2+scrqQfki1bj/MFCcPOUXp68WrSBfjIznsmsn8ZUXf8EM2gh3DICZVH+Pe0nR4dC5loIH9zw3nG7RHNoBf6dK29KrwsHf8MHJ/rf1wLsTuM2QPGOxEUQ48Jx3Cd+nbnaq5A2Jo3p3AqYKBZVohKe67gtErX3XhZRVv/Qru0LxQ7aAJrdYFGNIelz1nBK
0.1分

驻波法测得的声速：υ驻波法=(1)m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　380.3。
得分：0.05 分
datafill 380.3 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6kYOYzq01jhRuesziKvqnuy8gB9kdQtYwwT1wk2FdOLVgf7oco1I/ogDRbtZet0KmhGbMPytkrpuzSwhEUKDrB0z4jhkWYWs7rloLssmVQFmslqsxu7L2Mo6MwXw72TBYTbpOwivonNA/j2hdL6YE5xY+0hLaZyS3abU/RbLvli/FXtw8F+KCTdcK1tkVjnaXp0ZJu5c3yAUUZL8l2xjQzUZddQrZUr3c2Kly2820uKs 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd1CbeBo5rEXmjmPYstaOhQbPAkOLf7FkMOXNTDR1nFxNgB5CMZ51wp7xlwKjCGD06vzOTuIh7WRQFb+F0vFIkRGeX3vv2SuE8zX4M+LE2LMzmGsjzx3ivr/fkP03/FDWY0T8z89Cwk9oVlC6QmwVsOHeD4/c7UwwZCqGlJZBIKTb5qz29O+3fJhiqdNQ084o3NgpTX18qC1DEt5OzJyuzNgE5WTnPII9lqPVzioHHZRp Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9Ksa2+scrqQfki1bj/MFCcPOUXp68WrSBfjIznsmsn8ZUXf8EM2gh3DICZVH+Pe0nR4dC5loIH9zw3nG7RHNoBf6dK29KrwsHf8MHJ/rf1wLsTuM2QPGOxEUQ48Jx3Cd+nbnaq5A2Jo3p3AqYKBZVohKe67gtErX3XhZRVv/Qru0LxQ7aAJrdYFGNIelz1nBK
0.1分

驻波法测得的声速的标准不确定度：=(1)m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　14.2。
得分：0 分
datafill 14.2 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 Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9Ksa2+scrqQfki1bj/MFCcPOUXp68WrSBfjIznsmsn8ZUXf8EM2gh3DICZVH+Pe0nR4dC5loIH9zw3nG7RHNoBf6dK29KrwsHf8MHJ/rf1wLsTuM2QPGOxEUQ48Jx3Cd+nbnaq5A2Jo3p3AqYKBZVohKe67gtErX3XhZRVv/Qru0LxQ7aAJrdYFGNIelz1nBK

驻波法测得的声速的完整表达形式：=(1)（(2)）m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　380.3。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　+—14.2。
datafill 380.3 +—14.2 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

2.用信号发生器和示波器观察李萨如图形

0.12分

李萨如图形观察与频率测量（CHA信号频率为50 Hz）

CHB信号频率fB（Hz） 25 75 100 200
X轴交点数NX        
Y轴交点数Ny        
CHB信号频率fB´（Hz）        
CHB信号频率fB（Hz）2575100200
X轴交点数NX2468
Y轴交点数Ny4422
CHB信号频率fB´（Hz）2575100200

李萨如图形观察与频率测量（CHA信号频率为50 Hz）

CHB信号频率fB（Hz） 25 75 100 200
X轴交点数NX 2 6 4 8
Y轴交点数Ny 4 4 2 2
CHB信号频率fB´（Hz） 25 75 100 200
得分：0.1 分
table 2 4 6 8 4 4 2 2 25 75 100 200 dgF3CRl6hb7fX40+qQFw1ue6iJ9zW1+rbKDfwbFDXT5VP9zYkeYni6yhkWlRVre+ nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw8WST0Rdglg5VdOfWUlOZsXunBExCk9dAWUqDP0iNWLDK8/EwtN872Z1MsG2QsNNSeuoT0VDW29p+8dz2xVJ5JOLz1jJugHnq3iK7592afT/h0GYpv5/GRB9U0XO7nBu03qBzNYUGr7MkFscDdhxOHaGDi5eikZ5FZIC3Bzjx5PncbxWSEm47dpHKVD45LjZ9Bi4H1kBSrTkpQIQfiT5VBkD/Mmwbb/0OwWLcAef9y0l5on7l7vwwxLNPof0St70L/OFwcUnWBRGP7W7OaM1fJSbWD1RzHcwZ1dx0mo12srAVQD3Uz2igzsgC0HbAZrRyHy1vXFtOBmrRCzdC+HDSyY= kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUr9fBLEYk+bHCBPvMryiVhEoNFId1kZJFsxuGBoM6iuDPHqn9xTjKzllHBkPYKmzi0R0GfQ+/tPzTysov+OMIlin+81s0Bc0PzfzGWbhYzWkRF2ikYX+PVUVALrFn1Q52Y= Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JZaPTPeu0RRP7Gn6rERs89jr9dAAiA4hZID2ZZiCgrA3kOK1NrgYdnkP3+41nvFHrNyluMCLXFwi1o5iTe6B4MqhoSRrIfihfad7VdwlP4oz58uaIXlFRaEy6sBIHWfBwFYohn/3BaT9IN4DLYXM6bzh4jK/TtRVIWi+yNy24HPXR/bFIay1+dGUY9RV9d9/9w==
0.08分

绘制CHB信号频率分别为25、70、100、200 Hz时的李萨如图形

得分：0.08 分

3.行波法测量声速的波长

行波法测声速：
实验初始温度t1＝(1)(℃)；
实验结束温度t2＝(2)(℃)

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　19.8。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　19.8。
datafill 19.8 19.8 NDZwtEd5l/AGb7vGhYRYsmTLbfZzSQCU1TTFp5k4qtY= HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

表2  行波法测声速实验数据表

i Xi（mm）
1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
iXi（mm）
113.828
218.581
322.199
427.748
531.187
636.556
740.963
844.441
949.771
1053.038

表2  行波法测声速实验数据表

i Xi（mm）
1 28.165
2 32.985
3 37.820
4 41.440
5 46.690
6 50.150
7 54.420
8 58.570
9 62.880
10 67.250
table 13.828 18.581 22.199 27.748 31.187 36.556 40.963 44.441 49.771 53.038 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.05分

行波法实验过程中的平均室温=(1)℃

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　19.8。
得分：0.05 分
datafill 19.8 uSavOQCeHbw9tWttMCtjKOv91w2vZQMSlDrrtYGOCFJeWPrOVcJOV+xHRnqcAGTKRZGTfbdsk/pQNTdtfzTPfwDOKrM6h1zedV1ctRGy9jiA72XPR3D4bTW4jsXl1s59kXQxSm6oz/TfeYAj6VPxyZ9yCYbNnR2fXsSLcm70Ywt409KA53+AvzUXhuqx2iBKCfqMJ6N5/Vhz7IjSv6Q1a10NMhRKGqCFpA6f819nlFt4JCAGKPgmb/6Csl/EFzWMHsYx++zbDNeGk5QQ8s5yBHbHno8igYdIgo7N60dJzf0xR0X8baW8y8wM9ZGLJ3HyKtn8d5ggM9EIqTp04sI2meBztb1CUjRjFA4dG9ipe1FuBmOTFYxupjoG4gRqW4CDcBx2LOBvFMKsN9v/udNMwO0r49pE9TAGZP3HfUouyq4= 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd+7pRpMWugyWs72J5Wc1I3B7OqtXLtFg2nE25IDTUVI/z+MnXU5F1Ascos9YnCjxGiHy3HpMLCpmGsw7q7HCS+7L4pU4i7qHTcxnPrhtiy0bjE3UdA4+g9DX6jT2YcSmTg== Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9Ksa2+scrqQfki1bj/MFCcPOUXp68WrSBfjIznsmsn8ZUXf8EM2gh3DICZVH+Pe0nR4/EPxGEMF/3tVQV8xUKv6TJ0oKhs3RtrFt8hnrYx9o=
0.1分

绘出行波法测量中行波位置（相位差为0或π的位置）随计数变化关系曲线图。

得分：0.1 分

0.05分

直线斜率：b行波法=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　4.4088。
得分：0.05 分
datafill 4.4088 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 nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw1qJ5uf0j3RPPemIfBDLOnmzsLPk0pHhIlI6Byc9rNoUXgVwWNeO1iol6geVTW+DBZKKbGndYeC0u0u36+FRF8e8pFJsnY7qcmkE9idiSnSRl+i+uu/gZ5j9Ql+tlKJD40lLO8LlgIqSsxs2WeiR/08Gr0drBGfTJH1+ONrMN895UVF8uIyorfURuAvHAGGfPVckQ6iZhbfh8AnYMBOCTnTrx3X2QrNhX6hA6hG1p5soltsU+w8dCElIekr8qir/8UeUn4jpK0eeBp24J6R1fkgL5Z3uRw+fB15GSTM0yv63uEA7+OLYr+aIiiVRqpHtPu/C37uc4EZ6A/EpBcl1VG8fMXp3e9bH0V2he2rUh1UB kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd1CbeBo5rEXmjmPYstaOhQZkGvCKHUV4yDmNpwSmIGSQr7vyPNG2aLO7Xy5T8+BOtkHFmo6s0az6NPw+fAiWPyKsA6nSPdSQHQvlLIiHbkcqmgqApWVRGtXhZiv9ve+10Q== Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9cDpWr5qLTltLfNCIG6wa1E09SyWpzZwqqT4VwRMSsPg=
0.05分

行波法声波的波长：λ行波法=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　8.8176。
得分：0.05 分
datafill 8.8176 76Lfn5KcfMsfuZRf1mee6kYOYzq01jhRuesziKvqnuzD9KXO6u9JDT3ij6Hf2B/uTLM+cM2lNlPexRtscnowQQrW1t3hwWWCjX3UNKLg5SfTsxtFWRUYQNBGPglA14AnINBblmhNA0O1tPVMQhJl0/JRumHdBrnnks3CL25jeC1NH7GRFr8BoHeq0RRLNFMn nSvZoqxgHipT88kt4fm8aXHaAY3XBjwA/8z6UE4NG4iManPiGBjJr2kJZMDLCGsCXZM7Y1GqcXx4jJVW+Sxmw1qJ5uf0j3RPPemIfBDLOnmzsLPk0pHhIlI6Byc9rNoUXgVwWNeO1iol6geVTW+DBW4l//AuC8ky81wsGLslTsgntKdoXbfcHHq10bKq3K5PrduTyLI1kgHQAM5J8hLznufWnTnQ+ydE7xMlWaB3lNsYaJ81DUjhB3T27eaI0mSizkqXFyIkgsbYt1hrS4FGlpgZngzA29tGHt2xbAvnaQ7WaOcumeSgIhJP02/BmIYEZpOW4kOEY6iTFW9/Fc62+J+wOQH4LA9U3jnmbXPj9+GqeNq1ErquyUaHnFhR7gqwUURZ+Y80ZmrBIhQtB6g+9dDL3TCDmRbKxahUVonGm2ucxbBob9nD3BsfqCbbWMAj kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd1CbeBo5rEXmjmPYstaOhQZkGvCKHUV4yDmNpwSmIGSQr7vyPNG2aLO7Xy5T8+BOtkHFmo6s0az6NPw+fAiWPyK/H4fVb9PrwvJLOqrbuHSMX+uSm73/RA1lSU3L2e/c2g== Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9cDpWr5qLTltLfNCIG6wa1E09SyWpzZwqqT4VwRMSsPg=
0.05分

直线斜率标准差：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.055。
得分：0.02 分
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0.1分

行波法声波的波长的标准不确定度：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.21。
得分：0 分
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0.1分

行波法测得的声速：υ行波法=(1)m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　343.6。
得分：0.1 分
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0.1分

行波法测得的声速的标准不确定度：=(1)m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　19.8。
得分：0 分
datafill 19.8 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrpowUGmkKX6ZxMZI++JeEa8XD4ukkMJ6AruMTx5Dskd1CbeBo5rEXmjmPYstaOhQb2V/mK3VzGF6R/coZdQKT+pP1Ht9fcFs4mqjTYSyUCO7dqik76u3lxZ9NYjbhxAaxHD8B2Afl+ZSiYNcofxbCqLRQvUbdHdLXCYwxS2a1KRyAPI9+fNjFK5RGr76YuGqGJ6z8GVgjrspQQITTfSBla64Rx3Zlo+mU6q857xXtHp8bYrQYcaho9/KVvNUljAusFBijO2H51zxqKj2RskZE2zNXA8ExifrFEgh9fahzb+2kLPq0Z2kZ3OqGA61M+psE= Ug6i3lldBqk495UIG3GZJciiHhucHPpIqSficrYaV6wN7wS/cKWZrZFo1EPFnga9Ksa2+scrqQfki1bj/MFCcPOUXp68WrSBfjIznsmsn8ZUXf8EM2gh3DICZVH+Pe0nR4dC5loIH9zw3nG7RHNoBf6dK29KrwsHf8MHJ/rf1wLsTuM2QPGOxEUQ48Jx3Cd+nbnaq5A2Jo3p3AqYKBZVohKe67gtErX3XhZRVv/Qru0LxQ7aAJrdYFGNIelz1nBK

行波法测得的声速的完整表达形式：=(1)（(2)）m/s

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　343.6。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　+-19.9。
datafill 343.6 +-19.9 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

分析讨论与结论

0.2分

分析讨论

（1）用测声速的方法计算比热容比的实验方法及误差来源

• 实验方法：
要计算气体的比热容比，先测量出声速。因为声速和气体的比热容比、温度、摩尔质量有关，知道这些量后，就能算出比热容比。具体来说，通过实验测出声速，再结合测得的气体温度以及该气体的摩尔质量，就可以得到比热容比。

• 误差来源：

◦ 声速测量方面，测量换能器位置时的精度不够，或者信号发生器的频率不稳定，都会让声速的测量结果有偏差，进而影响比热容比的计算。

◦ 温度测量时存在误差，也会导致最终比热容比的结果不准确。

◦ 实际的气体不是理想气体，用理想气体的相关规律计算会有近似误差。

◦ 实验环境中的气流、振动等情况，会干扰声速的测量，从而影响比热容比的结果。

（2）驻波法测量声速实验中声压幅度随接收端换能器位置的变化

在驻波法测声速时，发射端的声波被接收端反射后，入射波和反射波叠加形成驻波。随着接收端换能器和发射端换能器之间距离的改变，声压幅度会周期性变化。当距离达到一定值时，声压幅度最大；再改变距离，声压幅度又会变小，直到达到最小值，之后又会变大，这样周期性地变化，变化的周期和声波的半波长有关。

（3）声压极值位置偏离半波长整数倍的物理机理

当接收端换能器和发射端换能器距离较近时，反射波在传播过程中有能量损耗，不像入射波那么强。此时入射波和反射波叠加形成的驻波，不再是理想的驻波情况。因为反射波变弱了，所以驻波的波腹和波节位置就会偏离原本应该在的半波长整数倍的位置。

得分：0.2 分

0.1分

结论

1. 振动合成与李萨如图形：
通过实验可验证，同方向同频率简谐振动的合成仍为简谐振动；相互垂直的简谐振动合成轨迹（李萨如图形）由频率比和相位差决定，可利用李萨如图形测定振动频率。

2. 驻波与声速测量：
驻波法中，声波入射与反射叠加形成驻波，声压幅度随换能器位置周期性变化，通过测量波节/波腹间距可得到波长，结合共振频率能计算声速；行波法利用李萨如图形的相位变化，也可测得波长与声速。

3. 实验误差与现象解释：
实际实验中，声压极值位置会因声波能量损耗等因素偏离理想位置；通过实验数据处理，可得到声速的测量值，并与理论值对比，明确实验误差的来源。

4. 压电效应的应用：
压电陶瓷换能器可通过逆压电效应产生超声波，通过正压电效应接收超声波，实现了电信号与声信号的转换，是本实验的核心器件。

得分：0.1 分

原始数据

数据处理过程

0.3分

得分：0.3 分