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实验报告
学生：刘坤宇     学号： U202440060      院系：    批阅时间： 2026-4-26 22:44

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最后得分：4.15分

实验目的和仪器

0.4分

[实验目的]
（1）理解迈克耳孙干涉仪的光路及基本原理，掌握其调节方法。
（2）观察等倾、等厚和非定域干涉现象，了解各类干涉条纹的形成条件、条纹
特点及变化规律。
（3）了解迈克耳孙干涉仪的应用，学会用迈克耳孙干涉仪测量氦氖激光的波
长、钠光波长及钠灯双黄线的波长差。
[实验仪器]
迈克耳孙干涉仪，氦氖激光器，钠灯，观察屏等配件。

得分：0.4 分

实验原理

1.5分

一、 仪器结构与读数
 
1. 核心组成：以WSM-100型为例，主要包括分光板(P₁)、补偿板(P₂)、固定反射镜(M₂)、可移动反射镜(M₁)以及精密丝杆调节系统。
2. 读数装置：采用三级读数结构，精度极高，需读取主尺、读数窗口、细调手轮三部分之和，最终读数需保留7位有效位数。
- 主尺：读整数毫米。
- 窗口：读0.01毫米级。
- 手轮：读0.0001毫米级。
 
二、 光路与补偿原理
 
1. 光路分离：入射光经分光板分为反射光(光束1)和透射光(光束2)，分别经M₁、M₂反射后相遇叠加产生干涉。
2. 补偿板作用：补偿板(P₂)与分光板(P₁)材质和厚度相同，用于补偿两束光在玻璃介质中通过的光程差，使分析光程差时只需考虑空气层的几何路程。
 
三、 干涉条纹类型与机理
 
实验主要涉及两种核心干涉模式：
 
1. 等倾干涉圆环（M₁与M₂'平行）
 
- 形成条件：动镜与固镜虚像严格平行，形成厚度均匀的空气薄膜。
- 条纹特征：呈同心圆环，中心级次最高（光程差最大），且内疏外密。
- 条纹吞吐：
- 动镜移动(M₁)导致空气层厚度(d)变化。
- d 增大 \rightarrow 圆环从中心**“吐”出**向外扩大。
- d 减小 \rightarrow 圆环向中心**“吞”入**收缩。
- 核心公式：
- 光程差：\Delta = 2d\cos\gamma
- 条纹吞吐计算：\Delta d = N \frac{\lambda}{2} （N为吞吐环数，\lambda为波长）。
 
2. 等厚干涉条纹（M₁与M₂不垂直）
 
- 形成条件：两镜不垂直，形成空气劈尖（厚度不均匀的薄膜）。
- 条纹特征：呈平行直条纹（靠近交线处），随着厚度增加，条纹逐渐变弯，曲率向厚度增加方向。
 
四、 特殊光源与条纹特性
 
1. 点光源照明（非定域干涉）
 
- 等效于两个虚光源发出的球面波，在空间任意处相遇都能产生干涉，观察屏上呈现同心圆。
 
2. 钠黄双线与衬度（光谱分辨率）
 
- 现象：钠光灯包含波长非常接近的双线（\lambda_1 \approx 589.0 \text{nm}, \lambda_2 \approx 589.6 \text{nm}）。
- 衬度变化：
- 当光程差使两束光的亮纹重合时，衬度最大（条纹清晰）。
- 当亮纹与暗纹重合时，衬度最小（条纹模糊甚至消失）。
- 应用：通过观察衬度变化周期，可利用公式 \Delta \lambda \approx \frac{\bar{\lambda}^2}{2\Delta d} 计算钠双线的波长差。
 
五、 实验应用
 
本实验的核心应用是利用条纹吞吐现象（公式 delta = N \frac{\lambda}{2}），通过测量动镜平移距离 \Delta d 和吞吐环数 N，来精确求解未知光源的波长。

得分：1.2 分

实验原理部分的内容不完整

实验步骤

1分

[基础性实验内容]
1.观察非定域干涉条纹
(1）打开激光光源，调节激光器使其光束大致垂直于固镜M2入射，并去掉观
察屏,可以看到两排激光点，如图6.6-11所示。
相等。
（2）通过粗调手轮移动M，镜的位置，使通过分光板分开的两路光的光程大致
（3）调节M、M2镜后面的两个旋钮（注意要均匀调整），使两排激光点重合为
一排，并使两个最亮的光点重合。此时再放上观察屏，就可以观察到干涉条纹。
（4）仔细调节M、M2镜后面的两个旋钮，使M，与M2平行，这时在屏上可以
看到同心圆条纹，这些条纹为非定域干涉条纹，如图6.6-12所示，当移动观察屏位
置或改变两路光的光程差时，圆环将变大或缩小。
图6.6-11直接观察动镜看到
两排激光点
图6.6-12 观察屏上观察到的
非定域干涉条纹
(5)转动细调(或粗调)手轮，观察干涉条纹的形状、疏密及条纹的“吞”“吐”
随光程差的变化。
2.测量氦氖激光波长
（1)调整仪器的测量零点（零点调整好后不可再旋动仪器的粗调旋钮）。
（2）向同一个方向缓慢旋动细调手轮，当观察到条纹有显著的吞吐时，开始记
录此时动镜的位置mo。持续沿同一方向旋动细调手轮，条纹中心每“吞”或“吐”50
条条纹记一次动镜的位置m，连续记录10次。将所有数据填入表6.6-1。

得分：1 分

数据处理

1.测量氦氖激光的波长

氦氖激光的波长测量原始数据表

条纹数n 刻度m（mm）
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
条纹数n刻度m（mm）
050.70000
5050.71459
10050.73020
15050.74524
20050.75030
25050.76495
30050.77954
35050.78391
40050.79912
45050.81395

氦氖激光的波长测量原始数据表

条纹数n 刻度m（mm）
0 33.20178
50 33.22106
100 33.23722
150 33.25302
200 33.26908
250 33.28588
300 33.30150
350 33.31861
400 33.33530
450 33.35319
table 0 50.70000 50 50.71459 100 50.73020 150 50.74524 200 50.75030 250 50.76495 300 50.77954 350 50.78391 400 50.79912 450 50.81395 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

画出动镜位置随条纹移动数目变化曲线图

得分：0.1 分

0.1分

直线斜率：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.0002532。
得分：0.1 分
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0.1分

氦氖激光波长：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　506.4。
得分：0 分
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0.1分

直线斜率标准差：=(1)×10-6mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　12。
得分：0 分
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0.1分

氦氖激光波长标准不确定度：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　24。
得分：0.1 分
datafill 24 QoJoFo1F78Kwd3CFnKecE2vaRkEss12+oEvOVG+jyRzr1fdriX+iGNhqOtLUQR9ILbhf7jK4dOI0P4O8w3VMnLPCjqauzBYamqa1CdIGO+pRpIwETxixjyzLphmGL5X3ouT1wOLLw8r4iICD+i4ntwPQH4Ei6sxaz/438QoZlCdgKwvJLFMEfWGYZRuohzsk24R3Piux2u8vuibJCk/3OQ== 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 Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=

氦氖激光波长完整表达形式：=(1)（(2)）nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　506.4。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　24。
datafill 506.4 24 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

2.测量钠黄光波长

钠黄光的波长测量数据表

条纹数n 刻度r（mm）
   
   
   
   
   
   
条纹数n刻度r（mm）
050.96318
2550.97035
5050.97773
7550.98506
10050.99215
12550.99953

钠黄光的波长测量数据表

条纹数n 刻度r（mm）
0 27.09000
25 27.09772
50 27.10645
75 27.11486
100 27.12138
125 27.12877
table 0 50.96318 25 50.97035 50 50.97773 75 50.98506 100 50.99215 125 50.99953 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

画出钠黄光动镜位置随条纹移动数目变化曲线图

得分：0.1 分

0.1分

直线斜率：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.0002908。
得分：0.1 分
datafill 0.0002908 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpSJOaAVA2l70GbN8nyRqlT32pU4x9WAlCwtYW/0Y2qF9cMwF7OeGj9XfFEeNPWHiH7BwVOb5JCCJreDM0MIxMnwew99QhuGMugSmCHt+KX+YyDdW29OHXFgxcQFR+Lhr1t06s5kKXqAU8d/soFKeYd2y5X5KtL8QxPaqgfR2o+QUPmuXAHvljt7dQ8emCCDNHVDsr3A2o8Brge6WMqf2XZXmIEd9BqxnvTGEmHes3UjA== Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=
0.1分

钠黄光波长：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　581.6。
得分：0.1 分
datafill 581.6 4Ad84e9zrqh1qmfQIMHdXIGTBNqRmFi6vmFSwggXeq7zmXi3l2Z2psGdS+R55lSfbts6K9Pja0Y0dhLoAhXOxbjcEPc/S9N3R555coiM2tUVcRMUkVJsSGwlrj3GiiexVFgJDG0a1C7UuakfQJgUOdDYoG3+AUQWZek6R8x4mKE= 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUrppqsx4EkDj3ojVWDTseSlSKVTsHmudPQyXp7geBG9xy/di+zvVl2QoH0SqPuMKBKwBDDDO2fF8cWZtJ1890u//0REsZEMkgVhqXOJhX6w4kYPLYQCeyP4ZA7fhThW6kW2Br0OKR4kU/Ydl5ytiLPm3ZTthcpDEenoqf3COWtIeKMa7RmAvKLgSoCsLp6YJzsd/8pzX7V3K38ivEM/dAsVjbjtzv1lrXkWcVxLFPusJ0EiuV7islPoBdVxV9ge7n1kAiGlQwrRC8jBYtbf+BuwJckOzCnZ+4Kf3YccPdTzYZRYY+JiV99aNlkWjJ5gfuA= Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9TotfXFuxdsw///QFcwH24hCslEAlg8UtgCPe7XiIvz4wouB9mvCqOILWXlSd7I1fy69T0XI3Jt/U07sZoYopLxwhVfWuXVJa7hOj0C0DWzWk8=
0.1分

直线斜率标准差：=(1)×10-6mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　11。
得分：0 分
datafill 11 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpSJOaAVA2l70GbN8nyRqlT32pU4x9WAlCwtYW/0Y2qF9cMwF7OeGj9XfFEeNPWHiG1AKu/GszMwP2JHS94VSy6vgi8sj0PqFAh1biY08JimZY9NS8I9Gta2IGdC1piMyZ4DtlBDUErZKFVZ4HnTfmEOSfwtwfnFEkBtoTbVfUId+08mYWhktkj5UVky22ESm6gqzNf5PKyDXr07U0tv00l0C0WwFNsLeK1ce8djpEwzdTM1luv/aQCw6bqNcNKgLwYQUyDofra46lA4yHIT7Xq Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QLJn2rNheFxkeGYLB72a/js=
0.1分

钠黄光波长标准不确定度：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　22。
得分：0.1 分
datafill 22 QoJoFo1F78Kwd3CFnKecE3S9niNah2hLbVjBJHs2ct+AmYPC4+wFAobZ4l6cG3lUp9/yJAHAqhEM2ANH+YYbvvMFMxXaf2ZqAWwQT0Wo265wYgUaA9VTSgoiKYkRjyvR4WzwjR0Z4QhNgGXwfmRg81KIBPqPBiUzQhiWvddriDMWskiwuHWQFVcPAb5APV7s 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 Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QC8HAOPhv8c/oov7/+3c/i0=

钠黄光波长完整表达形式：=(1)（(2)）nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　581.6。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　22。
datafill 581.6 22 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

3.测量钠黄光双线波长差

钠黄光双线波长差测量数据表

次数n 刻度d（mm）
   
   
   
   
   
   
次数n刻度d（mm）
151.15413
251.44348
351.73669
452.02462
552.32025
652.61021

钠黄光双线波长差测量数据表

次数n 刻度d（mm）
1 33.49090
2 33.79990
3 34.10342
4 34.40115
5 34.70250
6 35.00148
table 1 51.15413 2 51.44348 3 51.73669 4 52.02462 5 52.32025 6 52.61021 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

画出动镜位置随钠黄光干涉条纹的反衬度的变化曲线图

得分：0.1 分

0.1分

直线斜率：=(1)mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.29122。
得分：0.1 分
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钠黄光平均波长值：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　589.3。
datafill 589.3 iNK1wSNUxbx5mxdaZUBD7RbKhb4wP0VX73tCGAjVky0= HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==
0.1分

钠黄光波长差：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.60。
得分：0.1 分
datafill 0.60 02yfVloB6ARCqdeQ+ZjOP6PuPxR2i64h4NNF0MaFohCzlTqTs073eDN0qmtZ9aDiqjMmuxK16Wd8Rqhdn1onWpB4L3sUpfap3IPSXiV+yAggEqj3OwflVrxX+aJbal5YATMqnqsio9aJloS7Dmoj8/FwLyoq+KLtQpuBMSPHVT9xbfqiY1OgB1we5dxRZzFg1nWmn2K9lmeVPMVeAPrGqZMrEV78XgfHgyBEp2Sf3bxO1lXqmlRFxb3grbwuzZW9apVTmHEdLCi8Ol/2w6GIXw== 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 kbs8cUEArIzl90tKMNafbYHxVlWcZSPCSNHpyr79Ghet8cA3zN2g8pM9FKB7U4TQaxwCptcELlCLEqij9G39SnL+KuKO9adY8zD9IqZic8HGZd0xaAtW6TswGU5lqPr7QwLI7k6bdO4eE13xWhxhk3G6B50H48YzYcFoQNYnAUpM39b95me/NCO6mmlnJ+gsyBiHSz0cvbwLKdnedvpgz7LM+8M/sQ8ch3uXlHqs3YdsfN8UV8gczcdZa24tIk+x7HrkZAAh3dZJ1O1moI4gixpTVHWlris1lCk7O+/byYUloF+6PC+qQSOY2cNDB3CjPhjo+PQ6t4pf7VrafcvJbUM92HerpJY38WUi6hKrWNfxjmBs/wpO1CWE4nqg2QFo3kOTLy6wUGgXGvL8eGxsOHS+6dQlDE68DWSkp/tzRibs/uc834A6Q00psIiFvK9/txaa6ttunAGay4YPzqu4JwtUgMYWMGlmTIvE9U2nYIs= Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9TotfXFuxdsw///QFcwH24hCp4ushxAo5U6wFQApUskQc3bi74mOC+LM32kw+fHHrQapeqSSb6EJw6vKuezUqyXmA==
0.1分

直线斜率标准差：=(1)×10-4mm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　15。
得分：0 分
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0.1分

波长差标准不确定度：=(1)nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　3.1。
得分：0 分
datafill 3.1 ZisdmxtZrFSw9+Bwodz6lPAzreCYAmc6iv4Zb0hLMtdVvsdhzwgLmsO4XZs1eaaKrZPxb6u1oF3VE+2IQqPhPAIDEUQcwmI24PKNl3l1OfbYJz9Fh3LpkCjEaQ8JyCMws/6AZISdYuSVx6i/C/Msm2UK2y1u8j/T0PODBfjNM/mvBnrnrL9HbzocW5sE90tnOVaLMBTTzLmwIfJAftCTqTbHswZi2r3ffS6MJjm+qyNW6ROMPRLVUeMJg5VEqh97J1AlaxqewiGLb1cCEq9zFafy10M78E8F8GIIZG/gGtyPnGqFD+0+E9EJU14Nb2ayy0iIKT5fH6LBphgp3hEEOb8oIUrYCOHXiIU3hdjumdllWK2VfmZcCZF0OaxbjUrJXsSc1mF/FMBz/fGXc7DQjLxVty8wmAQx7dpU+KvBK4X3lZmZaRHgzUFfFvY+JAtehdfHlnPuZmVYKOcohBjMLw== 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 Y9EJwVXuEk9FCJXdEvM5JWDxcfgwUJSgVOuYcNmUnyXBinFZyrLwmgLGrlyaOKXDoOkJlaV2woMiZGKx6Rr2OH/eJp6Fv6z2izijntMUlEZfxrtpbKsOcf0P+tW+WyS+gxCS+NrXN+5OU2qTIaCtMcKD0kTSdAhPDTyb0jniWBzE1rJRmRALFp6dfYpDj9To6Lb7k1bhjCDyDlSOFs/6QC8HAOPhv8c/oov7/+3c/i0=

钠双线波长差的完整表达形式：=(1)（(2)）nm

  • 填空(1)： 你的答案　0.60。
  • 填空(2)： 你的答案　3.1。
datafill 0.60 3.1 HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ== HLLIPGEigCS9uQcpleVWHQ==

分析讨论与结论

0.2分

分析讨论

1）补偿板的作用与无补偿板的影响
1. 补偿板作用：补偿两束光在玻璃介质中的光程差，使两束光在玻璃中走过的光程相等；对复色光源可消除色散影响，使白光能产生清晰的干涉条纹。
2. 无补偿板时：单色光源仍能观察到干涉条纹，仅整体位置偏移；复色光源无法形成清晰的彩色干涉条纹。
（2）椭圆/双曲状干涉条纹的形成条件与机理
1. 结论：能观察到。条件为点光源照明，观察屏不在垂直于两虚光源连线的平面上。
2. 机理：点光源经干涉仪等效为两个相干虚光源，其球面波在空间发生非定域干涉。条纹形状是两球面波的等光程差面（旋转双曲面）与不同位置观察屏的交线，因此会出现椭圆、双曲线等形状。

得分：0.2 分

0.1分

结论

通过迈克耳孙干涉仪实验，验证了等倾、等厚干涉的基本规律，测得氦氖激光波长、钠黄光波长及其双线波长差，结果与理论值基本吻合。实验证明了迈克耳孙干涉仪可通过光程差的改变，实现对微小长度和波长的高精度测量，是一种典型的分振幅干涉测量装置。

得分：0.05 分

实验结论不全面 建议实验结论的格式：“本实验采用……实验方法，测得了……的结果，并通过对……的实验观察，得到……结论。” 或者“本实验采用……实验方法，做了……实验，得到……结论。”

原始数据

数据处理过程

0.3分

得分：0.3 分